.env

@@ -1,6 +0,0 @@
-DISABLE_DOCS=true
-
-MONGO_HOST=127.0.0.1
-MONGO_PORT=27017
-MONGO_USER=user
-MONGO_PASS=pass

.env_example

@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+DEV_MODE=true  # true = docs enabled + auth disabled; false = production mode
+
+MONGO_HOST=127.0.0.1
+MONGO_PORT=27017
+MONGO_USER=user
+MONGO_PASS=pass
+
+RABBIT_HOST=127.0.0.1
+RABBIT_PORT=5672
+RABBIT_USER=user
+RABBIT_PASS=pass
+
+API_BASE_URL='http://localhost:5000'
+MODERATION_SECRET=secret
+TG_BOT_TOKEN='token'
+TG_ADMIN_CHAT_ID=000000000

.github/workflows/app-actions.yml

@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@ on:
   workflow_dispatch:
   push:
     paths:
-      - '**.py'
+      - 'app/**'
     branches:
       - main
       - app
@@ -19,13 +19,14 @@ jobs:
     continue-on-error: true
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: 3.9
+          python-version: "3.12"
-          architecture: x64
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: app/requirements.txt
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
@@ -38,30 +39,75 @@ jobs:
   pytest:
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
     env:
-      MONGO_HOST: ${{ secrets.MONGO_HOST }}
+      MONGO_HOST: "127.0.0.1"
-      MONGO_PORT: ${{ secrets.MONGO_PORT }}
+      MONGO_PORT: ${{ secrets.MONGO_PORT || '27017' }}
       MONGO_USER: ${{ secrets.MONGO_USER }}
       MONGO_PASS: ${{ secrets.MONGO_PASS }}
+      RABBIT_HOST: "127.0.0.1"
+      RABBIT_PORT: ${{ secrets.RABBIT_PORT || '5672' }}
+      RABBIT_USER: ${{ secrets.RABBIT_USER }}
+      RABBIT_PASS: ${{ secrets.RABBIT_PASS }}
+      DEV_MODE: ${{ secrets.DEV_MODE || 'true' }}
     steps:
       - name: Checkout
-        uses: actions/checkout@v3
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@v4
+        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
         with:
-          python-version: 3.9
+          python-version: "3.12"
-          architecture: x64
+          cache: pip
+          cache-dependency-path: app/requirements.txt
 
-      - name: Setup MongoDB
+      - name: Start MongoDB
-        run: docker run --name mongodb -d -p ${{ secrets.MONGO_PORT }}:27017 -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=${{ secrets.MONGO_USER }} -e MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=${{ secrets.MONGO_PASS }} mongodb/mongodb-community-server
+        run: |
+          docker run -d --name mongodb \
+            -p "${MONGO_PORT}:27017" \
+            -e "MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME=${MONGO_USER}" \
+            -e "MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD=${MONGO_PASS}" \
+            mongodb/mongodb-community-server
+          for i in $(seq 1 30); do
+            docker exec mongodb mongosh \
+              --username "${MONGO_USER}" --password "${MONGO_PASS}" \
+              --eval "db.runCommand({ping:1})" && break
+            sleep 1
+          done
+
+      - name: Start RabbitMQ
+        run: |
+          docker run -d --name rabbitmq \
+            -p "${RABBIT_PORT}:5672" \
+            -e "RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER=${RABBIT_USER}" \
+            -e "RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS=${RABBIT_PASS}" \
+            rabbitmq:3.13-alpine
+          for i in $(seq 1 30); do
+            docker exec rabbitmq rabbitmq-diagnostics -q ping && break
+            sleep 1
+          done
 
       - name: Install dependencies
         run: |
+          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
           pip install pytest==8.3.4 pytest-asyncio==0.25.3 httpx==0.28.1
           pip install -r app/requirements.txt
-      - name: Setup moderated base cards
 
+      - name: Setup moderated base cards
         working-directory: ./app/tools
         run: python3 _add_base_cards.py -a 2 -f data/base_cards.json
+
       - name: Run pytest
         run: pytest -vs
+
+  docker-build:
+    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+    needs: [mypy, pytest]
+    if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/main' || github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch'
+    steps:
+      - name: Checkout
+        uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+      - name: Build backend image
+        run: docker build -f app/dockerfile.app -t tort-backend:ci ./app
+
+      - name: Build bot image
+        run: docker build -f app/dockerfile.bot -t tort-tg-bot:ci ./app

app/.dockerignore

@@ -0,0 +1,15 @@
+__pycache__/
+*.pyc
+*.pyo
+.pytest_cache/
+.venv/
+.env
+tests/
+security.log
+.git/
+.github/
+*.md
+dockerfile.app
+dockerfile.bot
+.dockerignore
+

app/dockerfile

@@ -1,11 +0,0 @@
-FROM python:3.9.21-alpine
-
-WORKDIR /app
-
-COPY . .
-
-RUN pip3 install -r requirements.txt
-
-EXPOSE 5000
-
-CMD ["python3", "main.py"]

app/dockerfile.app

@@ -0,0 +1,32 @@
+# ── Stage 1: Install dependencies ────────────────────────────
+FROM python:3.12.4-slim AS builder
+
+WORKDIR /build
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --prefix=/install -r requirements.txt
+
+# ── Stage 2: Production image ────────────────────────────────
+FROM python:3.12.4-slim
+
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy installed packages from builder
+COPY --from=builder /install /usr/local
+
+# Copy application code (respects .dockerignore)
+COPY . .
+
+# Create non-root user
+RUN groupadd --gid 1000 appuser && \
+    useradd --uid 1000 --gid appuser --shell /bin/sh appuser && \
+    chown -R appuser:appuser /app
+
+USER appuser
+
+EXPOSE 5000
+
+CMD ["python3", "main.py"]

app/dockerfile.bot

@@ -0,0 +1,34 @@
+# ── Stage 1: Install dependencies ────────────────────────────
+FROM python:3.12.4-slim AS builder
+
+WORKDIR /build
+
+COPY requirements.txt .
+RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --prefix=/install -r requirements.txt
+
+# ── Stage 2: Production image ────────────────────────────────
+FROM python:3.12.4-slim
+
+ENV PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
+    PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1
+
+WORKDIR /app
+
+# Copy installed packages from builder
+COPY --from=builder /install /usr/local
+
+# Copy application code (respects .dockerignore)
+COPY . .
+
+# Create non-root user
+RUN groupadd --gid 1000 appuser && \
+    useradd --uid 1000 --gid appuser --shell /bin/sh appuser && \
+    chown -R appuser:appuser /app
+
+USER appuser
+
+# Healthcheck: verify RabbitMQ connection is possible
+HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --retries=3 \
+    CMD python3 -c "import socket; s=socket.create_connection(('${RABBIT_HOST:-rabbitmq}', int('${RABBIT_PORT:-5672}')), timeout=3); s.close()" || exit 1
+
+CMD ["python3", "tg_bot.py"]

app/logger.py

@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+"""
+Centralized logging configuration using Loguru.
+
+Outputs structured JSON to stdout (INFO/WARNING) and stderr (ERROR/CRITICAL).
+Designed for Docker + Grafana Loki / Promtail.
+
+Usage:
+    from logger import logger, setup_logging
+
+    setup_logging()          # call once at application entry point
+    logger.info("message")
+"""
+
+from __future__ import annotations
+import os
+import sys
+import logging
+from types import FrameType
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from loguru import logger
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from loguru import Record
+
+
+def get_log_level() -> str:
+    """Reads LOG_LEVEL or log_level from .env or environment, defaults to 'INFO'."""
+    load_dotenv()
+    level = os.getenv("LOG_LEVEL") or os.getenv("log_level") or "INFO"
+    return level.strip().upper()
+
+
+# ── Stdout / stderr filters ───────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def _stdout_filter(record: Record) -> bool:
+    """Pass DEBUG / INFO / WARNING to stdout."""
+    return record["level"].no < logging.ERROR
+
+
+def _stderr_filter(record: Record) -> bool:
+    """Pass ERROR / CRITICAL to stderr."""
+    return record["level"].no >= logging.ERROR
+
+
+# ── Stdlib → Loguru bridge ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+class InterceptHandler(logging.Handler):
+    """Redirect all stdlib logging calls into Loguru."""
+
+    def emit(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> None:
+        level: str | int
+        try:
+            level = logger.level(record.levelname).name
+        except ValueError:
+            level = record.levelno
+
+        frame: FrameType | None = sys._getframe(6)
+        depth = 6
+        while frame and frame.f_code.co_filename == logging.__file__:
+            frame = frame.f_back
+            depth += 1
+
+        logger.opt(depth=depth, exception=record.exc_info).log(
+            level, record.getMessage()
+        )
+
+
+# ── Public setup function ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+def setup_logging(level: str | None = None) -> None:
+    """
+    Configure Loguru sinks and intercept all stdlib loggers.
+    Call once at the very start of the application entry point.
+    """
+    if not level:
+        level = get_log_level()
+    else:
+        level = level.strip().upper()
+
+    logger.remove()  # remove default sink
+
+    common: dict = {
+        "level": level,
+        "serialize": True,   # JSON output
+        "backtrace": False,
+        "diagnose": False,
+    }
+
+    # stdout — DEBUG / INFO / WARNING
+    logger.add(sys.stdout, filter=_stdout_filter, **common)
+
+    # stderr — ERROR / CRITICAL
+    logger.add(sys.stderr, filter=_stderr_filter, **{**common, "level": "ERROR"})
+
+    # Redirect all stdlib loggers (uvicorn, motor, aiogram, aio_pika …)
+    logging.basicConfig(handlers=[InterceptHandler()], level=0, force=True)
+
+    # Suppress noisy third-party loggers — we handle HTTP access via middleware
+    _quiet = {
+        "uvicorn.access": logging.WARNING,  # replaced by our middleware
+        "motor":          logging.WARNING,
+        "aio_pika":       logging.WARNING,
+        "aiormq":         logging.WARNING,
+    }
+    for name, lvl in _quiet.items():
+        _lib_logger = logging.getLogger(name)
+        _lib_logger.handlers = [InterceptHandler()]
+        _lib_logger.setLevel(lvl)
+        _lib_logger.propagate = False

app/main.py

@@ -1,191 +1,336 @@
 import os
+import secrets
 
 import uvicorn
 import asyncio
 
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
-from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, Response, status
+from fastapi import FastAPI, Depends, Response, Header, HTTPException, status
+from guard import SecurityMiddleware, SecurityConfig, SecurityDecorator
+from contextlib import asynccontextmanager
 
-from schemas.api_schemas import *
+from typing import Optional
-from schemas.base_schemas import *
+
+from schemas.api_schemas import BaseResponse, AddUserBody, AddCardBody, SelectChoice, ReactionCard, AddCommentBody
+from schemas.base_schemas import Card
 from mongo_worker import MongoWorker
+from rabbit_worker import RabbitWorker
 from tools.base_moderation import moderate_text
+from logger import logger, setup_logging
+from middleware import RequestLoggingMiddleware
+from tg_auth import get_current_user_id
 
 
+setup_logging()
 load_dotenv()
-disable_docs = os.getenv("DISABLE_DOCS", "true").lower() == "true"
 
-app: FastAPI = FastAPI(title="This OR That",
+DEV_MODE: bool = os.getenv("DEV_MODE", "false").lower() == "true"
+mongo_worker = MongoWorker()
+_rabbit_worker: Optional[RabbitWorker] = None
+
+
+def get_rabbit_worker() -> RabbitWorker:
+    """Returns a singleton instance of the RabbitWorker."""
+    global _rabbit_worker
+    if _rabbit_worker is None:
+        _rabbit_worker = RabbitWorker()
+    return _rabbit_worker
+
+
+@asynccontextmanager
+async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
+    """Manages application startup and shutdown events, such as database index creation and cleanup."""
+    await mongo_worker.create_indexes()
+    if DEV_MODE:
+        logger.warning("⚠️ DEV_MODE is enabled — docs are exposed and Telegram initData auth is DISABLED")
+    logger.info("Application started on :5000")
+    yield
+    mongo_worker.client.close()
+    logger.info("Application shutdown completed.")
+
+
+app: FastAPI = FastAPI(
+    title="This OR That",
     summary="OpenAPI schema for \"This OR That\" project!",
     version="0.1",
     contact={"GitHub": "https://github.com/IgorVolochay/thisORthat"},
-                    docs_url=None if disable_docs else "/docs",
+    docs_url="/docs" if DEV_MODE else None,
-                    redoc_url=None if disable_docs else "/redoc",
+    redoc_url="/redoc" if DEV_MODE else None,
-                    openapi_url=None if disable_docs else "/openapi.json")
+    openapi_url="/openapi.json" if DEV_MODE else None,
-mongo_worker = MongoWorker()
+    lifespan=lifespan,
+)
+config = SecurityConfig(
+    enable_rate_limiting=True,
+    rate_limit=10, # TODO: check rate limits in real usage
+    rate_limit_window=3, # TODO: check rate limits in real usage
+    enable_redis=False,
+    enable_ip_banning=True,
 
+    enable_penetration_detection=True,
+    auto_ban_threshold=3, 
+    auto_ban_duration=3600, 
+
+    detection_compiler_timeout=2.0, 
+    detection_max_content_length=10000, 
+    detection_preserve_attack_patterns=True, 
+    detection_semantic_threshold=0.7,
+
+    detection_anomaly_threshold=3.0,
+    detection_slow_pattern_threshold=0.1, 
+    detection_monitor_history_size=1000, 
+    detection_max_tracked_patterns=1000,  
+)
+guard_deco = SecurityDecorator(config)
+
+_security_middleware = SecurityMiddleware(app.router, config=config)
+app.add_middleware(SecurityMiddleware, config=config)
+app.add_middleware(RequestLoggingMiddleware)
+app.state.guard_decorator = guard_deco
+app.state._security_middleware = _security_middleware
+
+MODERATION_SECRET = os.getenv("MODERATION_SECRET", "change-me-in-production")
+
+
+async def verify_moderation_secret(
+    x_moderation_secret: str = Header(..., alias="X-Moderation-Secret"),
+) -> str:
+    """Verifies the moderation secret provided in the request headers."""
+    if not secrets.compare_digest(x_moderation_secret, MODERATION_SECRET):
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="Invalid moderation secret",
+        )
+    return x_moderation_secret
 
 @app.get("/check_user", status_code=200)
-async def check_user(user_id: NonNegativeInt,
+async def check_user(
-                     mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    user_id: int,
-    result = mongo.check_user(user_id)
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Checks if a user exists in the database by their user_id."""
+    result = await mongo.check_user(user_id)
     return BaseResponse(result=result)
 
 @app.get("/get_user", status_code=200)
-async def get_user(user_id: NonNegativeInt,
+async def get_user(
+    user_id: int,
     response: Response,
-                   mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
-    if mongo.check_user(user_id):
+    """Retrieves a user's details by their user_id."""
-        result = mongo.get_user(user_id)
+    if await mongo.check_user(user_id):
+        result = await mongo.get_user(user_id)
         return BaseResponse(result=result)
-    else:
     response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
     return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
 
 @app.post("/add_user", status_code=201)
-async def add_user(new_user: AddUserBody,
+@guard_deco.rate_limit(requests=3, window=60)
+async def add_user(
+    new_user: AddUserBody,
     response: Response,
-                   mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    auth_user_id: Optional[int] = Depends(get_current_user_id),
-    if not mongo.check_user(new_user.user_id):
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
-        result = mongo.add_user(new_user.user_id,
+    """Registers a new user in the database if they do not already exist."""
+    user_id = auth_user_id if auth_user_id is not None else new_user.user_id
+    if user_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="user_id is required")
+    if not await mongo.check_user(user_id):
+        result = await mongo.add_user(
+            user_id,
             new_user.username,
             new_user.first_name,
             new_user.last_name,
-                                new_user.photo_url)
+            new_user.photo_url,
+        )
         return BaseResponse(result=result)
-    else:
     response.status_code = status.HTTP_409_CONFLICT
     return BaseResponse(result="User already exist", error=True)
 
 
 @app.get("/get_card", status_code=200)
-async def get_card(card_id: NonNegativeInt,
+async def get_card(
+    card_id: int,
     response: Response,
-                   mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
-    card = mongo.get_card(card_id)
+    """Retrieves a card's details by its card_id."""
+    card = await mongo.get_card(card_id)
     if card:
         return BaseResponse(result=card)
-    else:
     response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
     return BaseResponse(result="There is no card with this card_id", error=True)
 
 @app.get("/get_random_cards", status_code=200)
-async def get_random_cards(user_id: NonNegativeInt,
+@guard_deco.rate_limit(requests=5, window=60)
+async def get_random_cards(
     response: Response,
-                           mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    user_id: Optional[int] = None,
-    cards_visited = mongo.get_visited_cards(user_id)
+    auth_user_id: Optional[int] = Depends(get_current_user_id),
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Fetches a set of random active cards that the user has not yet visited."""
+    resolved_user_id = auth_user_id if auth_user_id is not None else user_id
+    if resolved_user_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="user_id is required")
+    cards_visited = await mongo.get_visited_cards(resolved_user_id)
 
     if cards_visited.error:
-        response.status_code = status.HTTP_401_UNAUTHORIZED
-        return cards_visited
-    elif not cards_visited.result.cards_visited:
-        random_cards = mongo.get_random_cards(10, True)
-        if random_cards:
-            return BaseResponse(result=random_cards)
-        else:
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
-            return BaseResponse(result="No active cards", error=True)
+        return cards_visited
+    exclude_ids = cards_visited.result.cards_visited or None
+    random_cards = await mongo.get_random_cards(10, True, exclude_ids=exclude_ids)
 
-    result: list[Card] = list()
-    trys = 3
-    while len(result) < 10 and trys != 0:
-        random_cards = mongo.get_random_cards(10, True)
     if not random_cards:
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
-            return BaseResponse(result="No active cards", error=True)
+        return BaseResponse(result="No active cards for this user", error=True)
-        filtered_cards, filtered_cards_id = mongo.filter_cards(random_cards, cards_visited.result.cards_visited)
-        trys -= 1
-        if not filtered_cards:
-            continue
-        else:
-            result.extend(filtered_cards)
-            cards_visited.result.cards_visited.update(filtered_cards_id)
 
-    if not result:
+    return BaseResponse(result=random_cards)
-        response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
-        return BaseResponse(result="No active cards fo this user", error=True)
-    else:
-        return BaseResponse(result=result)
 
 @app.post("/add_card", status_code=201)
-async def add_card(new_card: AddCardBody,
+@guard_deco.rate_limit(requests=3, window=60)
+async def add_card(
+    new_card: AddCardBody,
     response: Response,
-                   mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    auth_user_id: Optional[int] = Depends(get_current_user_id),
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Adds a new card to the database and sends it for moderation."""
+    author_id = auth_user_id if auth_user_id is not None else new_card.author_id
+    if author_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="author_id is required")
     if moderate_text(new_card.choice_A) and moderate_text(new_card.choice_B):
-        card = mongo.add_card_by_api(new_card.choice_A,
+        card = await mongo.add_card_by_api(new_card.choice_A, new_card.choice_B, author_id)
-                                     new_card.choice_B,
+        try:
-                                     new_card.author_id)
+            await get_rabbit_worker().send_to_moderation(card)
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.error("Failed to send card {} to moderation queue: {}", card.card_id, exc)
+
         return BaseResponse(result=card)
-    else:
     response.status_code = status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
     return BaseResponse(result="Card has not passed base moderation", error=True)
 
+@app.patch("/card_accept", status_code=200, dependencies=[Depends(verify_moderation_secret)])
+async def card_accept(
+    card_id: int,
+    response: Response,
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Accepts a card after moderation, making it active and visible to users."""
+    result = await mongo.accept_card(card_id)
+    if result.error:
+        response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+    return result
+
+@app.patch("/card_reject", status_code=200, dependencies=[Depends(verify_moderation_secret)])
+async def card_reject(
+    card_id: int,
+    response: Response,
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Rejects a card during moderation and removes it from the database."""
+    result = await mongo.reject_card(card_id)
+    if result.error:
+        response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+    return result
 
 @app.patch("/select_choice", status_code=200)
-async def select_choice(choice_data: SelectChoice,
+async def select_choice(
+    choice_data: SelectChoice,
     response: Response,
-                        mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    auth_user_id: Optional[int] = Depends(get_current_user_id),
-    check_visited = mongo.get_visited_cards(choice_data.user_id)
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
-    if check_visited.error:
+    """Records a user's choice (A or B) for a specific card."""
+    user_id = auth_user_id if auth_user_id is not None else choice_data.user_id
+    if user_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="user_id is required")
+    # Verify that the user exists before proceeding.
+    if not await mongo.check_user(user_id):
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
-        return check_visited
+        return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
-    elif not check_visited.error and choice_data.card_id in check_visited.result.cards_visited:
+
+    # Atomically mark the card as visited.
+    newly_visited = await mongo.try_mark_visited(user_id, choice_data.card_id)
+    if not newly_visited:
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN
         return BaseResponse(result="Card already visited!", error=True)
-    else:
+
-        select_choice_result = mongo.select_choice(choice_data.card_id, choice_data.choice)
+    select_choice_result = await mongo.select_choice(choice_data.card_id, choice_data.choice)
     if select_choice_result.error:
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
         return select_choice_result
-        else:
+
-            update_visited_result = mongo.update_visited_cards(choice_data.user_id, choice_data.card_id)
+    return BaseResponse(result="Select choice complete!")
-            return BaseResponse(result="Select choice complite!")
+
 
 @app.patch("/like_card", status_code=200)
-async def like_card(like_data: ReactionCard,
+async def like_card(
+    like_data: ReactionCard,
     response: Response,
-                    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    auth_user_id: Optional[int] = Depends(get_current_user_id),
-    result = mongo.like_card(like_data.card_id, like_data.user_id)
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Adds a like to a specific card from a user."""
+    user_id = auth_user_id if auth_user_id is not None else like_data.user_id
+    if user_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="user_id is required")
+    result = await mongo.like_card(like_data.card_id, user_id)
     if not result.error and result.result:
         return BaseResponse(result="Added like to card")
-    else:
     response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
     return result
 
 @app.patch("/dislike_card", status_code=200)
-async def dislike_card(dislike_data: ReactionCard,
+async def dislike_card(
+    dislike_data: ReactionCard,
     response: Response,
-                    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    auth_user_id: Optional[int] = Depends(get_current_user_id),
-    result = mongo.dislike_card(dislike_data.card_id, dislike_data.user_id)
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Adds a dislike to a specific card from a user."""
+    user_id = auth_user_id if auth_user_id is not None else dislike_data.user_id
+    if user_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="user_id is required")
+    result = await mongo.dislike_card(dislike_data.card_id, user_id)
     if not result.error and result.result:
         return BaseResponse(result="Added dislike to card")
-    else:
     response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
     return result
 
 @app.post("/comment", status_code=201)
-async def comment(comment_info: AddCommentBody,
+@guard_deco.rate_limit(requests=5, window=20)
+async def comment(
+    comment_info: AddCommentBody,
     response: Response,
-                  mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker)) -> BaseResponse:
+    auth_user_id: Optional[int] = Depends(get_current_user_id),
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Adds a comment to a specific card after passing basic moderation."""
+    author_id = auth_user_id if auth_user_id is not None else comment_info.author_id
+    if author_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(status_code=422, detail="author_id is required")
     if not moderate_text(comment_info.comment_text):
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
         return BaseResponse(result="Comment has not passed base moderation", error=True)
 
-    result = mongo.add_comment(comment_info.author_id, comment_info.card_id, comment_info.comment_text)
+    result = await mongo.add_comment(author_id, comment_info.card_id, comment_info.comment_text)
     if result.error and result.result in ["User doesn't exist", "Card doesn't exist"]:
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
         return result
-    elif result.error:
+    if result.error:
         response.status_code = status.HTTP_400_BAD_REQUEST
         return result
-    else:
+    return result
+
+@app.get("/get_comments", status_code=200)
+async def get_comments(
+    card_id: int,
+    response: Response,
+    mongo: MongoWorker = Depends(lambda: mongo_worker),) -> BaseResponse:
+    """Retrieves all comments for a specific card."""
+    result = await mongo.get_comments(card_id)
+    if result.error:
+        response.status_code = status.HTTP_404_NOT_FOUND
+        return result
     return result
 
 
 async def main():
-    config = uvicorn.Config("main:app", port=5000, log_level="debug")
+    """Starts the Uvicorn web server running the FastAPI application."""
+    config = uvicorn.Config("main:app", host="0.0.0.0", port=5000, log_level="warning")
     server = uvicorn.Server(config)
     await server.serve()
 
+
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     asyncio.run(main())

app/middleware.py

@@ -0,0 +1,69 @@
+"""
+HTTP request/response logging middleware for FastAPI.
+
+Normal requests (2xx/3xx):
+    INFO  — method, path, query_params, status_code, duration_ms
+
+Error responses (4xx):
+    WARNING — all above + request_body (truncated to 1000 chars)
+
+Server errors (5xx):
+    ERROR — all above + request_body (truncated to 1000 chars)
+"""
+
+import time
+
+from starlette.middleware.base import BaseHTTPMiddleware
+from starlette.requests import Request
+from starlette.responses import Response
+
+from logger import logger
+
+_BODY_METHODS = frozenset({"POST", "PUT", "PATCH"})
+_BODY_MAX_LEN = 1000
+
+
+class RequestLoggingMiddleware(BaseHTTPMiddleware):
+    async def dispatch(self, request: Request, call_next) -> Response:
+        start = time.perf_counter()
+
+        # Read body only for methods that carry a payload
+        body: str | None = None
+        if request.method in _BODY_METHODS:
+            raw = await request.body()
+            body = raw.decode(errors="replace")[:_BODY_MAX_LEN]
+
+        response = await call_next(request)
+
+        duration_ms = round((time.perf_counter() - start) * 1000, 1)
+        status = response.status_code
+
+        client_ip = request.headers.get("X-Forwarded-For")
+        if client_ip:
+            client_ip = client_ip.split(",")[0].strip()
+        else:
+            client_ip = request.headers.get("X-Real-IP") or (request.client.host if request.client else "unknown")
+
+        base_fields = {
+            "method": request.method,
+            "path": request.url.path,
+            "query": str(request.query_params) or None,
+            "client_ip": client_ip,
+            "status": status,
+            "duration_ms": duration_ms,
+        }
+
+        if status >= 500:
+            logger.bind(**base_fields, request_body=body).error(
+                "{method} {path} → {status} ({duration_ms}ms)", **base_fields
+            )
+        elif status >= 400:
+            logger.bind(**base_fields, request_body=body).warning(
+                "{method} {path} → {status} ({duration_ms}ms)", **base_fields
+            )
+        else:
+            logger.bind(**base_fields).info(
+                "{method} {path} → {status} ({duration_ms}ms)", **base_fields
+            )
+
+        return response

app/mongo_worker.py

@@ -1,22 +1,35 @@
 import os
 
-import pymongo
+import motor.motor_asyncio
 
 from datetime import datetime
 from dotenv import load_dotenv
 from typing import Optional
+from pymongo import ReturnDocument
 
-from schemas.base_schemas import *
+from schemas.base_schemas import User, Visited, Card, Comment
-from schemas.api_schemas import *
+from schemas.api_schemas import BaseResponse
+from logger import logger
 
 
 class MongoWorker:
+    """Worker class for handling all MongoDB database operations."""
     def __init__(self):
+        """Initializes the MongoDB connection and sets up collection references."""
         load_dotenv()
-        self.client = pymongo.MongoClient(host = os.getenv('MONGO_HOST'),
+        self.client = motor.motor_asyncio.AsyncIOMotorClient(
-                                          port = int(os.getenv('MONGO_PORT')),
+            host=os.getenv('MONGO_HOST'),
+            port=int(os.getenv('MONGO_PORT', 27017)),
             username=os.getenv('MONGO_USER'),
-                                          password = os.getenv('MONGO_PASS'))
+            password=os.getenv('MONGO_PASS'),
+            serverSelectionTimeoutMS=5000,
+            connectTimeoutMS=5000,
+            maxPoolSize=50,
+            minPoolSize=5,
+            maxIdleTimeMS=60000,
+            waitQueueTimeoutMS=5000
+        )
+        logger.info("MongoDB connection established.")
         self.db = self.client["data"]
         self.users_data = self.db["users"]
         self.visited_data = self.db["visited"]
@@ -24,191 +37,302 @@ class MongoWorker:
         self.game_data = self.db["cards"]
         self.comments_data = self.db["comments"]
 
+    async def create_indexes(self) -> None:
+        """Creates indexes on application startup."""
+        await self.users_data.create_index("user_id", unique=True)
+        await self.game_data.create_index("card_id", unique=True)
+        await self.game_data.create_index("active_status")
+        await self.visited_data.create_index("user_id", unique=True)
+        await self.comments_data.create_index("comment_id", unique=True)
+        logger.info("MongoDB indexes created.")
 
-    def check_user(self, user_id: int) -> bool:
-        if self.users_data.find_one({"user_id": user_id}):
-            return True
-        else:
-            return False
 
-    def add_user(self, user_id: int, username: str, first_name: str, last_name: str, photo_url: str) -> User:
+    async def check_user(self, user_id: int) -> bool:
-        new_user = User(user_id=user_id,
+        """Checks if a user exists in the database by their user_id."""
+        document = await self.users_data.find_one({"user_id": user_id}, {"_id": 1})
+        return document is not None
+
+    async def add_user(
+        self, user_id: int, username: str, first_name: str, last_name: str, photo_url: str) -> User:
+        """Creates a new user record in the database."""
+        new_user = User(
+            user_id=user_id,
             username=username,
             first_name=first_name,
             last_name=last_name,
             photo_url=photo_url,
-                        registration_date=datetime.now().isoformat())
+            registration_date=datetime.now().isoformat(),
-        try:
+        )
-            self.users_data.insert_one(new_user.model_dump())
+        await self.users_data.insert_one(new_user.model_dump())
-            return new_user
+        logger.debug("User added: user_id={}, username={}", user_id, username)
-        except Exception as exception:
         return new_user
 
-    def get_user(self, user_id: int) -> User:
+    async def get_user(self, user_id: int) -> User:
-        return User.model_validate(self.users_data.find_one({"user_id": user_id}))
+        """Retrieves a user's details from the database."""
+        document = await self.users_data.find_one({"user_id": user_id})
+        return User.model_validate(document)
 
 
-    def get_and_update_counter(self, counter_name: str) -> int:
+    async def get_and_update_counter(self, counter_name: str) -> int:
-        counter = self.counters.find_one_and_update(
+        """Atomically increments the counter and returns the new value."""
+        counter = await self.counters.find_one_and_update(
             {"counter_name": counter_name},
             {"$inc": {"counter": 1}},
             upsert=True,
-            return_document=True)
+            return_document=ReturnDocument.AFTER,
+        )
         return counter["counter"]
 
 
-    def get_visited_cards(self, user_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
+    async def get_visited_cards(self, user_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
-        document = self.visited_data.find_one({"user_id": user_id})
+        """Retrieves the set of card IDs that a user has already visited."""
+        document = await self.visited_data.find_one({"user_id": user_id})
         if not document:
-            check_user = self.check_user(user_id)
+            if await self.check_user(user_id):
-            if check_user:
+                return BaseResponse(result=Visited(user_id=user_id, cards_visited=set()))
-                return BaseResponse(result=Visited(user_id=user_id,
-                                                   cards_visited=set()))
-            else:
             return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
-        else:
         return BaseResponse(result=Visited.model_validate(document))
 
-    def filter_cards(self, random_cards: list[Card], cards_visited: set) -> tuple[list[Card], list[int]]:
+    async def update_visited_cards(self, user_id: int, visited_card_id: int) -> Visited:
-        filtered_cards = [card for card in random_cards if card.card_id not in cards_visited]
+        """Adds a specific card ID to the user's set of visited cards."""
-        filtered_cards_id = [filtered_card.card_id for filtered_card in filtered_cards]
+        updated = await self.visited_data.find_one_and_update(
-        
+            {"user_id": user_id},
-        return filtered_cards, filtered_cards_id
-    
-    def update_visited_cards(self, user_id: int, visited_card_id: int) -> Visited:
-        update_visited = self.visited_data.find_one_and_update({"user_id": user_id},
             {"$addToSet": {"cards_visited": visited_card_id}},
             upsert=True,
-                                                               return_document=True)
+            return_document=ReturnDocument.AFTER,
-        return Visited.model_validate(update_visited)
+        )
+        return Visited.model_validate(updated)
+
+    async def try_mark_visited(self, user_id: int, card_id: int) -> bool:
+        """
+        Atomically marks a card as visited for the user.
+
+        Returns True if the card was newly marked (was not visited before).
+        Returns False if the card was already in the visited set.
+
+        Uses a conditional update filter (cards_visited: {$ne: card_id}) so that
+        only one concurrent request can "win" the mark — eliminating the TOCTOU
+        race condition between checking and writing.
+        """
+        result = await self.visited_data.update_one(
+            {"user_id": user_id, "cards_visited": {"$ne": card_id}},
+            {"$addToSet": {"cards_visited": card_id}},
+        )
+        if result.modified_count == 1:
+            return True
+
+        # No document matched: either the visited doc doesn't exist yet,
+        # or the card is already in the set.
+        doc = await self.visited_data.find_one({"user_id": user_id}, {"cards_visited": 1})
+        if doc is None:
+            # First vote ever for this user — create the visited document.
+            await self.visited_data.update_one(
+                {"user_id": user_id},
+                {"$addToSet": {"cards_visited": card_id}},
+                upsert=True,
+            )
+            return True
+
+        # Card is already present in the visited set.
+        return False
 
 
-    def add_card_by_api(self, choice_A: str, choice_B: str, author_id: int) -> Card:
+    async def get_card(self, card_id: int) -> Optional[Card]:
-        new_card = Card(card_id=self.get_and_update_counter(counter_name="card"),
+        """Retrieves a card's details from the database by its card_id."""
+        document = await self.game_data.find_one({"card_id": card_id})
+        if document:
+            return Card.model_validate(document)
+        return None
+
+    async def get_random_cards(self, amount: int,active_status: bool,exclude_ids: Optional[set[int]] = None,) -> Optional[list[Card]]:
+        """Returns random cards, excluding already visited ones (in a single query)."""
+        match_filter: dict = {"active_status": active_status}
+        if exclude_ids:
+            match_filter["card_id"] = {"$nin": list(exclude_ids)}
+
+        pipeline = [
+            {"$match": match_filter},
+            {"$sample": {"size": amount}},
+        ]
+        raw_items = await self.game_data.aggregate(pipeline).to_list(length=amount)
+
+        if raw_items:
+            return [Card.model_validate(item) for item in raw_items]
+        return None
+
+    def filter_cards(self, random_cards: list[Card], cards_visited: set) -> tuple[list[Card], list[int]]:
+        """Filters a list of random cards to exclude those already visited by the user."""
+        filtered_cards = [card for card in random_cards if card.card_id not in cards_visited]
+        filtered_cards_id = [card.card_id for card in filtered_cards]
+        return filtered_cards, filtered_cards_id
+
+    async def add_card_by_api(self, choice_A: str, choice_B: str, author_id: int) -> Card:
+        """Creates a new card in the database with data received from the API."""
+        new_card = Card(
+            card_id=await self.get_and_update_counter(counter_name="card"),
             choice_A=choice_A,
             choice_B=choice_B,
             author_id=author_id,
-                        creation_date=datetime.now().isoformat())
+            creation_date=datetime.now().isoformat(),
+        )
+        await self.game_data.insert_one(new_card.model_dump())
+        logger.debug("Card created by API: card_id={}, author_id={}", new_card.card_id, author_id)
+        return new_card
+
+    async def add_card_by_base_model(self, new_card: Card) -> Optional[Card]:
+        """Inserts a Card model directly into the database."""
+        new_card.card_id = await self.get_and_update_counter(counter_name="card")
         try:
-            self.game_data.insert_one(new_card.model_dump())
+            await self.game_data.insert_one(new_card.model_dump())
-            return new_card
-        except Exception as exception:
-            print(exception)
             return new_card
+        except Exception as exc:
+            logger.error("Failed to insert card: {}", exc)
+            raise
 
-    def add_card_by_base_model(self, new_card: Card) -> Optional[Card]:
+    async def accept_card(self, card_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
-        new_card.card_id = self.get_and_update_counter(counter_name="card")
+        """Accepts a card: sets active_status=True and moderation_date=now."""
-        try:
+        result = await self.game_data.find_one_and_update(
-            self.game_data.insert_one(new_card.model_dump())
+            {"card_id": card_id},
-            return new_card
+            {"$set": {
-        except Exception as exception:
+                "active_status": True,
-            print(exception)
+                "moderation_date": datetime.now().isoformat(),
-            return new_card
+            }},
+            return_document=ReturnDocument.AFTER,
+        )
+        if not result:
+            logger.debug("Attempted to accept non-existent card: card_id={}", card_id)
+            return BaseResponse(result="Card doesn't exist", error=True)
+        logger.debug("Card accepted: card_id={}", card_id)
+        return BaseResponse(result=Card.model_validate(result))
 
-    def get_card(self, card_id: int) -> Optional[Card]:
+    async def reject_card(self, card_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
-        document = self.game_data.find_one({"card_id": card_id})
+        """Rejects a card: deletes it from the database."""
-        if document:
+        result = await self.game_data.delete_one({"card_id": card_id})
-            return Card.model_validate(document)
+        if result.deleted_count == 0:
-        else:
+            logger.debug("Attempted to reject non-existent card: card_id={}", card_id)
-            return None
+            return BaseResponse(result="Card doesn't exist", error=True)
+        logger.debug("Card rejected and deleted: card_id={}", card_id)
+        return BaseResponse(result=f"Card {card_id} rejected and deleted")
 
-    def get_random_cards(self, amount: int, active_status: bool) -> Optional[list[Card]]:
+    async def select_choice(self, card_id: int, choice: str) -> BaseResponse:
-        pipeline = [{"$match": {"active_status": active_status}}, 
+        """Increments the vote count for the selected choice (A or B) and total votes on a card."""
-                    {"$sample": {"size": amount}}]
-        raw_items = list(self.game_data.aggregate(pipeline))
-
-        if raw_items:
-            validated_items = [Card.model_validate(item) for item in raw_items]
-            return validated_items
-        else:
-            return None
-        
-
-    def select_choice(self, card_id: int, choice: str) -> BaseResponse:
         if choice == "A":
-            count_choice = "count_choice_A"
+            count_field = "count_choice_A"
         elif choice == "B":
-            count_choice = "count_choice_B"
+            count_field = "count_choice_B"
         else:
             return BaseResponse(result="Wrong choice", error=True)
 
-        result = self.game_data.find_one_and_update({"card_id": card_id},
+        result = await self.game_data.find_one_and_update(
-                                                    {"$inc": {"count_total": 1, count_choice: 1}})
+            {"card_id": card_id},
-        
+            {"$inc": {"count_total": 1, count_field: 1}},
+        )
         if not result:
             return BaseResponse(result="Card doesn't exist", error=True)
-        else:
+        return BaseResponse(result=True, error=False)
-            return BaseResponse(result=result, error=False)
 
-    def check_user_reactions(self, user_id: int, card_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
-        user_info: User = self.get_user(user_id)
-        liked_card_ids: list = user_info.liked_card_ids
-        disliked_card_ids: list = user_info.disliked_card_ids
 
-        if card_id in liked_card_ids:
+    async def like_card(self, card_id: int, user_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
-            return BaseResponse(result="Card already liked", error=True)
+        """Atomically adds a like to a card and records the user's like action."""
-        elif card_id in disliked_card_ids:
+        if not await self.check_user(user_id):
-            return BaseResponse(result="Card already disliked", error=True)
+            return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
-        else:
-            return BaseResponse(result="No reactions", error=False)
 
-    def like_card(self, card_id: int, user_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
+        # Atomically add card_id to liked_card_ids ONLY IF it is not already
-        if self.check_user(user_id):
+        # present in liked_card_ids OR disliked_card_ids.
-            user_reaction = self.check_user_reactions(user_id, card_id)
+        # Using a conditional filter makes this a single, race-condition-free
-            if user_reaction.error:
+        # test-and-set: if modified_count == 0, another request already won.
-                return user_reaction
+        user_update = await self.users_data.find_one_and_update(
-            update_card_info = self.game_data.find_one_and_update({"card_id": card_id}, 
+            {
-                                                                {"$inc": {"count_likes": 1}})
+                "user_id": user_id,
-            if not update_card_info:
+                "liked_card_ids": {"$ne": card_id},
+                "disliked_card_ids": {"$ne": card_id},
+            },
+            {"$addToSet": {"liked_card_ids": card_id}},
+            projection={"_id": 1},
+        )
+        if not user_update:
+            return BaseResponse(result="Card already liked or disliked", error=True)
+
+        updated_card = await self.game_data.find_one_and_update(
+            {"card_id": card_id},
+            {"$inc": {"count_likes": 1}},
+        )
+        if not updated_card:
+            # Card doesn't exist — roll back the user update (best effort).
+            await self.users_data.update_one(
+                {"user_id": user_id},
+                {"$pull": {"liked_card_ids": card_id}},
+            )
             return BaseResponse(result="Card doesn't exist", error=True)
 
-            add_card_to_user = self.users_data.update_one({'user_id': user_id},
+        logger.debug("Card liked: card_id={}, user_id={}", card_id, user_id)
-                                                          {'$push': {'liked_card_ids': card_id}})
-            if not add_card_to_user:
-                return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
-            else:
         return BaseResponse(result=True, error=False)
-        else:
+
+    async def dislike_card(self, card_id: int, user_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
+        """Atomically adds a dislike to a card and records the user's dislike action."""
+        if not await self.check_user(user_id):
             return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
 
-    def dislike_card(self, card_id: int, user_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
+        # Same atomic test-and-set pattern as like_card.
-        if self.check_user(user_id):
+        user_update = await self.users_data.find_one_and_update(
-            user_reaction = self.check_user_reactions(user_id, card_id)
+            {
-            if user_reaction.error:
+                "user_id": user_id,
-                return user_reaction
+                "liked_card_ids": {"$ne": card_id},
-            update_card_info = self.game_data.find_one_and_update({"card_id": card_id}, 
+                "disliked_card_ids": {"$ne": card_id},
-                                                                {"$inc": {"count_dislikes": 1}})
+            },
-            if not update_card_info:
+            {"$addToSet": {"disliked_card_ids": card_id}},
+            projection={"_id": 1},
+        )
+        if not user_update:
+            return BaseResponse(result="Card already liked or disliked", error=True)
+
+        updated_card = await self.game_data.find_one_and_update(
+            {"card_id": card_id},
+            {"$inc": {"count_dislikes": 1}},
+        )
+        if not updated_card:
+            # Card doesn't exist — roll back the user update (best effort).
+            await self.users_data.update_one(
+                {"user_id": user_id},
+                {"$pull": {"disliked_card_ids": card_id}},
+            )
             return BaseResponse(result="Card doesn't exist", error=True)
 
-            add_card_to_user = self.users_data.update_one({'user_id': user_id},
+        logger.debug("Card disliked: card_id={}, user_id={}", card_id, user_id)
-                                                          {'$push': {'disliked_card_ids': card_id}})
-            if not add_card_to_user:
-                return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
-            else:
         return BaseResponse(result=True, error=False)
-        else:
-            return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
 
-    def add_comment(self, user_id: int, card_id: int, comment_text: str) -> BaseResponse:
+
-        if self.check_user(user_id):
+    async def add_comment(self, user_id: int, card_id: int, comment_text: str) -> BaseResponse:
-            if self.get_card(card_id):
+        """Adds a new comment to a card and links it to the user."""
-                new_comment = Comment(comment_id=self.get_and_update_counter(counter_name="comment"),
+        if not await self.check_user(user_id):
+            return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
+        if not await self.get_card(card_id):
+            return BaseResponse(result="Card doesn't exist", error=True)
+
+        new_comment = Comment(
+            comment_id=await self.get_and_update_counter(counter_name="comment"),
             author_id=user_id,
             card_id=card_id,
             comment_text=comment_text,
-                                    creation_date=datetime.now().isoformat())
+            creation_date=datetime.now().isoformat(),
-                result = self.comments_data.insert_one(new_comment.model_dump())
+        )
-                if result:
+        await self.comments_data.insert_one(new_comment.model_dump())
-                    update_user_comments = self.users_data.find_one_and_update({"user_id": user_id},
+
-                                                        {"$addToSet": {"comments_ids": new_comment.comment_id}})
+        updated_user = await self.users_data.find_one_and_update(
-                    if update_user_comments:
+            {"user_id": user_id},
-                        return BaseResponse(result=new_comment)
+            {"$addToSet": {"comments_ids": new_comment.comment_id}},
-                    else:
+            return_document=ReturnDocument.AFTER,
+        )
+        if not updated_user:
             return BaseResponse(result="Difficulty adding comment_id to user", error=True)
-                else:
+
-                    return BaseResponse(result="Add comment error", error=True)
+        logger.debug("Comment added: comment_id={}, card_id={}, author_id={}", new_comment.comment_id, card_id, user_id)
-            else:
+        return BaseResponse(result=new_comment)
+
+    async def get_comments(self, card_id: int) -> BaseResponse:
+        """Retrieves all comments associated with a specific card_id."""
+        if not await self.get_card(card_id):
             return BaseResponse(result="Card doesn't exist", error=True)
-        else:
+        comments = await self.comments_data.find({"card_id": card_id}).sort("creation_date", -1).to_list(length=None)
-            return BaseResponse(result="User doesn't exist", error=True)
+        comments = [Comment.model_validate(comment) for comment in comments]
+        return BaseResponse(result=comments)

app/rabbit_worker.py

@@ -0,0 +1,77 @@
+import os
+import json
+import asyncio
+from typing import Callable, Awaitable
+
+import aio_pika
+from aio_pika.abc import AbstractIncomingMessage
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+
+from schemas.base_schemas import Card
+from logger import logger
+
+
+class RabbitWorker:
+    """Handles RabbitMQ connections and message publishing/consuming for moderation."""
+    def __init__(self):
+        """Initializes the RabbitWorker with connection credentials from environment variables."""
+        load_dotenv()
+        self.url = (
+            f"amqp://{os.getenv('RABBIT_USER')}:{os.getenv('RABBIT_PASS')}"
+            f"@{os.getenv('RABBIT_HOST')}:{os.getenv('RABBIT_PORT')}"
+        )
+        logger.info("RabbitWorker connection established.")
+
+    async def send_to_moderation(self, card: Card) -> None:
+        """Publishes a card to the 'moderation' RabbitMQ queue."""
+        logger.debug("Preparing to send card {} to moderation queue...", card.card_id)
+        connection = await aio_pika.connect_robust(self.url)
+        async with connection:
+            channel = await connection.channel()
+            queue = await channel.declare_queue("moderation", durable=True)
+            await channel.default_exchange.publish(
+                aio_pika.Message(
+                    body=card.model_dump_json().encode(),
+                    delivery_mode=aio_pika.DeliveryMode.PERSISTENT,
+                ),
+                routing_key="moderation",
+            )
+            logger.debug("Card {} successfully published to moderation queue", card.card_id)
+            logger.info("Card {} sent to moderation queue", card.card_id)
+
+    async def consume_moderation(
+        self,
+        callback: Callable[[Card], Awaitable[None]],
+    ) -> None:
+        """
+        Consumes messages from the 'moderation' queue and processes them using the provided callback.
+        
+        Args:
+            callback: An async function that takes a Card object and processes it.
+        """
+        connection = await aio_pika.connect_robust(self.url)
+        async with connection:
+            channel = await connection.channel()
+            await channel.set_qos(prefetch_count=1)
+            queue = await channel.declare_queue("moderation", durable=True)
+
+            logger.info("Started consuming moderation queue...")
+
+            async def on_message(message: AbstractIncomingMessage) -> None:
+                async with message.process():
+                    try:
+                        card_data = json.loads(message.body.decode())
+                        card = Card.model_validate(card_data)
+                        await callback(card)
+                    except Exception as exc:
+                        logger.error("Error processing moderation message: {}", exc)
+
+            await queue.consume(on_message)
+
+            # Keep consumer alive while allowing cancellation (Ctrl+C)
+            stop_event = asyncio.Event()
+            try:
+                await stop_event.wait()
+            except asyncio.CancelledError:
+                logger.info("Moderation consumer shutting down...")
+                raise

app/requirements.txt

@@ -1,4 +1,9 @@
 fastapi==0.115.7
-pymongo==4.10.1
+fastapi_guard==7.6.0
+motor==3.7.0
 python-dotenv==1.0.1
 uvicorn==0.34.0
+aio-pika==10.0.1
+aiogram==3.18.0
+aiohttp==3.11.18
+loguru==0.7.3

app/schemas/api_schemas.py

@@ -2,13 +2,15 @@ import typing
 
 from pydantic import BaseModel, NonNegativeInt
 
+from typing import Optional
+
 
 class BaseResponse(BaseModel):
     result: typing.Any
     error: bool = False
 
 class AddUserBody(BaseModel):
-    user_id: NonNegativeInt
+    user_id: Optional[NonNegativeInt] = None
     username: str
 
     first_name: str
@@ -19,20 +21,20 @@ class AddCardBody(BaseModel):
     choice_A: str
     choice_B: str
 
-    author_id: NonNegativeInt
+    author_id: Optional[NonNegativeInt] = None
 
 class SelectChoice(BaseModel):
-    user_id: NonNegativeInt
+    user_id: Optional[NonNegativeInt] = None
     card_id: NonNegativeInt
 
     choice: typing.Literal["A", "B"]
 
 class ReactionCard(BaseModel):
-    user_id: NonNegativeInt
+    user_id: Optional[NonNegativeInt] = None
     card_id: NonNegativeInt
 
 class AddCommentBody(BaseModel):
-    author_id: NonNegativeInt
+    author_id: Optional[NonNegativeInt] = None
     card_id: NonNegativeInt
 
     comment_text: str

app/tests/conftest.py

@@ -0,0 +1,44 @@
+"""
+conftest.py — fixtures for resetting rate-limiter state and IP-ban
+between tests so functional tests do not hit 429 errors.
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from guard import ip_ban_manager
+from guard_core.handlers.ratelimit_handler import RateLimitManager
+
+
+def _reset_all():
+    """Full reset of rate-limiter, IP-ban, and suspicious counts."""
+    # Rate limit timestamps
+    rl: RateLimitManager | None = RateLimitManager._instance
+    if rl is not None:
+        rl.request_timestamps.clear()
+
+    # IP bans
+    ip_ban_manager.banned_ips.clear()
+    ip_ban_manager.banned_networks.clear()
+
+    # Suspicious request counts via direct reference stored in app.state
+    # Because FastAPI's add_middleware creates a new instance internally,
+    # navigating app.state or app.middleware_stack is unreliable.
+    # We use gc to robustly find the active SecurityMiddleware instance(s) and clear them.
+    try:
+        import gc
+        from guard.middleware import SecurityMiddleware
+        for obj in gc.get_objects():
+            if isinstance(obj, SecurityMiddleware):
+                obj.suspicious_request_counts.clear()
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+@pytest.fixture(autouse=True)
+def reset_guard_state():
+    """
+    Synchronous fixture (autouse) that resets guard middleware
+    state before and after each test.
+    """
+    _reset_all()
+    yield
+    _reset_all()

app/tests/test_cards.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ NON_EXIST_CARD_ID = 1000
 
 # ---------- /add_card ----------
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_card_valid():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         payload = {
             "choice_A": "Option A",
             "choice_B": "Option B",
@@ -32,9 +32,9 @@ async def test_add_card_valid():
         assert card.choice_B == payload["choice_B"]
         assert card.author_id == payload["author_id"]
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_card_missing_field():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         payload = {
             #choice_A
             "choice_B": "Option B",
@@ -44,9 +44,9 @@ async def test_add_card_missing_field():
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/add_card | payload (missing field)={payload}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_card_wrong_type():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         payload = {
             "choice_A": 123,
             "choice_B": "Option B",
@@ -56,9 +56,9 @@ async def test_add_card_wrong_type():
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/add_card | payload (wrong type)={payload}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_card_empty_strings():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         payload = {
             "choice_A": "",
             "choice_B": "",
@@ -68,9 +68,9 @@ async def test_add_card_empty_strings():
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/add_card | payload (empty strings)={payload}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 400
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_card_long_strings():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         long_str = "A" * 5000  # long string
         payload = {
             "choice_A": long_str,
@@ -81,9 +81,9 @@ async def test_add_card_long_strings():
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/add_card | payload with long strings (length={len(long_str)})\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 400
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_card_negative_author_id():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         payload = {
             "choice_A": "Option A",
             "choice_B": "Option B",
@@ -93,9 +93,9 @@ async def test_add_card_negative_author_id():
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/add_card | payload (negative author_id)={payload}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_card_malformed_json():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         malformed_json = '{"choice_A": "Option A", "choice_B": "Option B", "author_id": 123' # broken json
         response = await client.post(
             "/add_card",
@@ -105,11 +105,16 @@ async def test_add_card_malformed_json():
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/add_card | payload (malformed JSON)={malformed_json}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json() if response.content else 'No JSON'}")
         assert response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_async_card_creation():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    """
+    Test parallel card creation.
+    Limit on /add_card — 3 requests/60s (decorator).
+    Send only 2 parallel requests to avoid exceeding the limit.
+    """
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         tasks = []
-        num_cards = 8
+        num_cards = 2  # at most 3 (decorator limit), leaving a margin
         for i in range(num_cards):
             payload = {
                 "choice_A": f"Async Option A {i}",
@@ -136,19 +141,24 @@ async def test_async_card_creation():
 
 # ---------- /get_card ----------
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_card_valid():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
+        # First create a card
         payload = {
             "choice_A": "GetTest A",
             "choice_B": "GetTest B",
             "author_id": EXIST_AUTHOR
         }
         create_resp = await client.post("/add_card", json=payload)
+        assert create_resp.status_code in (200, 201), (
+            f"Failed to create card: {create_resp.status_code} {create_resp.text}"
+        )
         base_create = BaseResponse.model_validate(create_resp.json())
         card = Card.model_validate(base_create.result)
         card_id = card.card_id
 
+        # Now retrieve it
         response = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": card_id})
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_card | params={{'card_id': {card_id}}}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 200
@@ -157,30 +167,30 @@ async def test_get_card_valid():
         card_from_get = Card.model_validate(base_resp.result)
         assert card_from_get.card_id == card_id
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_card_nonexistent():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         response = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": NON_EXIST_CARD_ID})
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_card | params={{'card_id': {NON_EXIST_CARD_ID}}}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 404
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_card_missing_param():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         response = await client.get("/get_card")
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_card (missing card_id param)\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json() if response.content else 'No content'}")
         assert response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_card_wrong_type():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         response = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": "abc"})
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_card | params={{'card_id': 'abc'}}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
         assert response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_card_negative():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         response = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": -10})
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_card | params={{'card_id': -10}}\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
-        assert response.status_code == 422
+        assert response.status_code == 404

app/tests/test_security.py

@@ -0,0 +1,486 @@
+"""
+test_security.py — tests for checking rate limiting and penetration detection.
+
+Rate limiting settings from main.py:
+  - Global: 10 requests / 3 sec (middleware)
+  - /add_user: 3 requests / 60 sec (decorator)
+  - /add_card: 3 requests / 60 sec (decorator)
+  - /get_random_cards: 5 requests / 60 sec (decorator)
+  - /comment: 5 requests / 20 sec (decorator)
+
+Penetration detection:
+  - enable_penetration_detection=True
+  - auto_ban_threshold=3 (ban after 3 suspicious requests)
+  - auto_ban_duration=3600 (ban for 1 hour)
+"""
+
+import random
+import asyncio
+import pytest
+from httpx import AsyncClient, ASGITransport
+
+from main import app
+
+
+# Client IP and port
+CLIENT = ("7.214.201.94", 50000) 
+
+# ========================================================================
+#  RATE LIMIT TESTS
+# ========================================================================
+
+
+class TestGlobalRateLimit:
+    """Tests for global rate limit: 10 requests / 3 seconds."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_global_rate_limit_allows_under_threshold(self):
+        """Requests within the limit (<=10) should pass."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            for i in range(9):
+                resp = await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+                assert resp.status_code == 200, (
+                    f"Request {i+1}/9 returned {resp.status_code}, expected 200: {resp.text}"
+                )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_global_rate_limit_blocks_over_threshold(self):
+        """
+        After exceeding global limit (10 requests/3s) -> 429.
+        /check_user does not have a rate_limit decorator, so only global limit applies.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            # Send 10 requests (fill the limit)
+            for i in range(10):
+                await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+
+            # 11th request should return 429
+            resp = await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+            assert resp.status_code == 429, (
+                f"Expected 429 after exceeding global limit, got {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+            assert "Too many requests" in resp.text
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_global_rate_limit_response_format(self):
+        """Verify response format on rate limit."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            # Exhaust limit
+            for _ in range(10):
+                await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+
+            resp = await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+            assert resp.status_code == 429
+            assert resp.text == "Too many requests"
+
+
+class TestDecoratorRateLimit:
+    """Tests for rate limit via @guard_deco.rate_limit() decorator."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_add_user_rate_limit(self):
+        """
+        /add_user: limit 3 requests / 60 sec.
+        First 3 requests pass (422 due to invalid data is OK, main point is not 429).
+        4th request -> 429.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            data = {
+                "user_id": random.randint(100000000, 999999999),
+                "username": "RateTest",
+                "first_name": "F",
+                "last_name": "L",
+                "photo_url": "http://test.test/photo.jpg"
+            }
+
+            # First 3 requests — not 429
+            for i in range(3):
+                resp = await client.post("/add_user", json=data)
+                assert resp.status_code != 429, (
+                    f"Request {i+1}/3 returned 429, limit should not be exceeded yet"
+                )
+
+            # 4th request -> 429
+            resp = await client.post("/add_user", json=data)
+            assert resp.status_code == 429, (
+                f"Expected 429 after 3 requests to /add_user, got {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_add_card_rate_limit(self):
+        """
+        /add_card: limit 3 requests / 60 sec.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            author_id = random.randint(100000000, 999999999)
+            for i in range(3):
+                payload = {
+                    "choice_A": f"Rate A {i}",
+                    "choice_B": f"Rate B {i}",
+                    "author_id": author_id
+                }
+                resp = await client.post("/add_card", json=payload)
+                assert resp.status_code != 429, (
+                    f"Request {i+1}/3 to /add_card returned 429 prematurely"
+                )
+
+            payload = {
+                "choice_A": "Rate A overflow",
+                "choice_B": "Rate B overflow",
+                "author_id": author_id
+            }
+            resp = await client.post("/add_card", json=payload)
+            assert resp.status_code == 429, (
+                f"Expected 429 after 3 requests to /add_card, got {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_get_random_cards_rate_limit(self):
+        """
+        /get_random_cards: limit 5 requests / 60 sec.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            user_id = random.randint(100000000, 999999999)
+
+            for i in range(5):
+                resp = await client.get("/get_random_cards", params={"user_id": user_id})
+                # Can be 200 or 404 (if no cards/user), but not 429
+                assert resp.status_code != 429, (
+                    f"Request {i+1}/5 to /get_random_cards returned 429 prematurely"
+                )
+
+            resp = await client.get("/get_random_cards", params={"user_id": user_id})
+            assert resp.status_code == 429, (
+                f"Expected 429 after 5 requests to /get_random_cards, got {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_comment_rate_limit(self):
+        """
+        /comment: limit 5 requests / 20 sec.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            for i in range(5):
+                payload = {
+                    "author_id": random.randint(100000000, 999999999),
+                    "card_id": 1,
+                    "comment_text": f"Rate test comment {i}"
+                }
+                resp = await client.post("/comment", json=payload)
+                # Can be 201, 400 (moderation), 404 (card/user not found) — but not 429
+                assert resp.status_code != 429, (
+                    f"Request {i+1}/5 to /comment returned 429 prematurely"
+                )
+
+            payload = {
+                "author_id": random.randint(100000000, 999999999),
+                "card_id": 1,
+                "comment_text": "Overflow comment"
+            }
+            resp = await client.post("/comment", json=payload)
+            assert resp.status_code == 429, (
+                f"Expected 429 after 5 requests to /comment, got {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_different_endpoints_have_independent_limits(self):
+        """
+        Decorator rate limit is tracked separately for each endpoint.
+        Requests to /check_user should not affect /add_card limit.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            # 5 requests to /check_user (no decorator, but global limit 10/3s)
+            for _ in range(5):
+                await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+
+            # First request to /add_card — should pass (its own separate limit)
+            payload = {
+                "choice_A": "IndepA",
+                "choice_B": "IndepB",
+                "author_id": random.randint(100000000, 999999999)
+            }
+            resp = await client.post("/add_card", json=payload)
+            assert resp.status_code != 429, (
+                f"Request to /add_card blocked after requests to /check_user: {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+
+
+class TestRateLimitParallel:
+    """Rate limit tests with parallel requests."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_parallel_requests_hit_rate_limit(self):
+        """
+        Multiple parallel requests should lead to 429 for some of them.
+        Send 15 parallel requests with global limit of 10/3s.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            tasks = [
+                client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+                for _ in range(15)
+            ]
+            responses = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
+
+            statuses = [r.status_code for r in responses]
+            count_200 = statuses.count(200)
+            count_429 = statuses.count(429)
+
+            print(f"\nParallel requests: 200={count_200}, 429={count_429}")
+            assert count_429 > 0, (
+                f"No request received 429 during 15 parallel requests: {statuses}"
+            )
+            assert count_200 > 0, (
+                f"All requests were blocked, none passed: {statuses}"
+            )
+
+
+# ========================================================================
+#  PENETRATION DETECTION TESTS
+# ========================================================================
+
+
+class TestPenetrationDetection:
+    """
+    Tests for malicious request detection.
+    enable_penetration_detection=True
+    auto_ban_threshold=3
+    auto_ban_duration=3600
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_sql_injection_detected(self):
+        """SQL injection in query parameters should be detected."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            resp = await client.get(
+                "/get_card",
+                params={"card_id": "1 OR 1=1; DROP TABLE users;--"}
+            )
+            print(f"\nSQL injection test: status={resp.status_code} | text={resp.text[:200]}")
+            # Expect: 400 (suspicious activity) or 422 (validation) — but NOT 200
+            assert resp.status_code in (400, 403, 422), (
+                f"SQL injection was not blocked, got {resp.status_code}: {resp.text[:200]}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_xss_in_query_params_detected(self):
+        """XSS attack in query parameters should be detected."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            resp = await client.get(
+                "/get_card",
+                params={"card_id": "<script>alert('XSS')</script>"}
+            )
+            print(f"\nXSS in params test: status={resp.status_code} | text={resp.text[:200]}")
+            assert resp.status_code in (400, 403, 422), (
+                f"XSS attack was not detected, got {resp.status_code}: {resp.text[:200]}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_path_traversal_detected(self):
+        """Path traversal attack should be detected."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            resp = await client.get("/get_card/../../../etc/passwd")
+            print(f"\nPath traversal test: status={resp.status_code} | text={resp.text[:200]}")
+            # Can be 400, 403, 404, or 422 — but MUST NOT expose file contents
+            assert resp.status_code != 200 or "root:" not in resp.text, (
+                "Path traversal not detected — system file accessed!"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_xss_in_post_body_detected(self):
+        """XSS attack in POST body should be detected."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            payload = {
+                "choice_A": "<script>document.cookie</script>",
+                "choice_B": "Normal option",
+                "author_id": random.randint(100000000, 999999999)
+            }
+            resp = await client.post("/add_card", json=payload)
+            print(f"\nXSS in body test: status={resp.status_code} | text={resp.text[:200]}")
+            # 400 (suspicious), 403 (banned), or 422 — but not 201
+            assert resp.status_code in (400, 403, 422), (
+                f"XSS in request body was not detected, got {resp.status_code}: {resp.text[:200]}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_command_injection_detected(self):
+        """Command injection attempt should be detected."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            payload = {
+                "choice_A": "; cat /etc/passwd; echo",
+                "choice_B": "$(whoami)",
+                "author_id": random.randint(100000000, 999999999)
+            }
+            resp = await client.post("/add_card", json=payload)
+            print(f"\nCommand injection test: status={resp.status_code} | text={resp.text[:200]}")
+            # 400 (suspicious), 403 (banned) — not 201
+            assert resp.status_code in (400, 403, 422), (
+                f"Command injection was not detected, got {resp.status_code}: {resp.text[:200]}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_sql_union_injection_detected(self):
+        """UNION-based SQL injection should be detected."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            resp = await client.get(
+                "/get_card",
+                params={"card_id": "1 UNION SELECT password FROM users"}
+            )
+            print(f"\nUNION SQL injection test: status={resp.status_code} | text={resp.text[:200]}")
+            assert resp.status_code in (400, 403, 422), (
+                f"UNION SQL injection was not blocked, got {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_legitimate_request_not_blocked(self):
+        """Legitimate request with normal data should not be blocked as suspicious."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            resp = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": 1})
+            print(f"\nLegitimate request test: status={resp.status_code}")
+            # 200 (card found) or 404 (not found) — but not 400/403
+            assert resp.status_code in (200, 404), (
+                f"Legitimate request blocked: {resp.status_code}: {resp.text[:200]}"
+            )
+
+
+class TestAutoIPBan:
+    """
+    Tests for automatic IP banning after repeated suspicious requests.
+    auto_ban_threshold=3, auto_ban_duration=3600
+    """
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_repeated_attacks_trigger_ip_ban(self):
+        """
+        After auto_ban_threshold (3) suspicious requests, the IP should be banned.
+        Subsequent requests (even legitimate ones) should return 403.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            # Send suspicious requests sequentially (SQL injection variants)
+            injection_payloads = [
+                "1' OR '1'='1",
+                "1; DROP TABLE cards;--",
+                "1 UNION SELECT * FROM users;--",
+                "1' AND 1=CONVERT(int,(SELECT TOP 1 name FROM sysobjects));--",
+            ]
+            detected_as_suspicious = 0
+            for payload in injection_payloads:
+                resp = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": payload})
+                if resp.status_code in (400, 403):
+                    detected_as_suspicious += 1
+                print(f"  Attack attempt: status={resp.status_code} | payload={payload[:50]}")
+
+            print(f"\nSuspicious requests detected: {detected_as_suspicious}/{len(injection_payloads)}")
+
+            if detected_as_suspicious >= 3:
+                # Threshold reached — verify ban on legitimate request
+                resp = await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+                print(f"Post-attack legitimate request: status={resp.status_code}")
+                assert resp.status_code == 403, (
+                    f"IP should be banned after {detected_as_suspicious} suspicious requests, "
+                    f"but legitimate request returned {resp.status_code}: {resp.text[:200]}"
+                )
+            else:
+                pytest.skip(
+                    f"Only {detected_as_suspicious} of {len(injection_payloads)} attacks detected, "
+                    f"ban threshold (3) not reached"
+                )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_banned_ip_returns_403_on_all_endpoints(self):
+        """
+        If IP is banned, all endpoints should return 403.
+        """
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            # Send various attacks to guarantee hitting the threshold
+            attacks = [
+                "1' OR '1'='1; --",
+                "1; DROP TABLE cards; --",
+                "<script>alert(1)</script>",
+                "../../etc/shadow",
+                "1 UNION SELECT password FROM users",
+            ]
+            detected_count = 0
+            for payload in attacks:
+                resp = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": payload})
+                if resp.status_code in (400, 403):
+                    detected_count += 1
+                print(f"  [{payload[:40]}] status={resp.status_code}")
+
+            print(f"\nDetected: {detected_count}/{len(attacks)}")
+
+            if detected_count >= 3:
+                # Check ban on different endpoints
+                endpoints = [
+                    ("GET", "/check_user", {"user_id": 99999}),
+                    ("GET", "/get_user", {"user_id": 99999}),
+                    ("GET", "/get_card", {"card_id": 1}),
+                ]
+                for method, path, params in endpoints:
+                    resp = await client.get(path, params=params)
+                    assert resp.status_code == 403, (
+                        f"IP is banned, but {method} {path} returned {resp.status_code}"
+                    )
+            else:
+                pytest.skip(
+                    f"Only {detected_count} attacks detected, ban threshold (3) not reached"
+                )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_banned_ip_message(self):
+        """Banned IP should receive 'IP address banned' message."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            attacks = [
+                "1' OR '1'='1; --",
+                "1; DROP TABLE cards; --",
+                "1 UNION SELECT password FROM users",
+                "<script>alert(1)</script>",
+            ]
+            detected = 0
+            for payload in attacks:
+                resp = await client.get("/get_card", params={"card_id": payload})
+                if resp.status_code in (400, 403):
+                    detected += 1
+
+            if detected >= 3:
+                resp = await client.get("/check_user", params={"user_id": 1})
+                assert resp.status_code == 403
+                assert "IP address banned" in resp.text, (
+                    f"Expected message 'IP address banned', got: {resp.text[:200]}"
+                )
+            else:
+                pytest.skip(f"Only {detected} attacks detected, threshold not reached")
+
+
+class TestSuspiciousHeaders:
+    """Tests for suspicious header detection."""
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_suspicious_user_agent(self):
+        """Request with suspicious User-Agent may be blocked."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            resp = await client.get(
+                "/check_user",
+                params={"user_id": 1},
+                headers={"User-Agent": "sqlmap/1.6.12#stable (http://sqlmap.org)"}
+            )
+            print(f"\nSuspicious UA test: status={resp.status_code}")
+            # sqlmap is a known SQL injection tool
+            # Expect block (403) or pass (200 — if UA is not in blocklist)
+            assert resp.status_code in (200, 400, 403), (
+                f"Unexpected status code for suspicious User-Agent: {resp.status_code}"
+            )
+
+    @pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+    async def test_xss_in_headers(self):
+        """XSS attack via custom headers."""
+        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=CLIENT), base_url="http://test") as client:
+            resp = await client.get(
+                "/check_user",
+                params={"user_id": 1},
+                headers={"X-Forwarded-For": "<script>alert(1)</script>"}
+            )
+            print(f"\nXSS in headers test: status={resp.status_code}")
+            # Header may be ignored or detected as suspicious
+            assert resp.status_code in (200, 400, 403), (
+                f"Unexpected status code for XSS in headers: {resp.status_code}"
+            )

app/tests/test_tg_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+"""
+Tests for Telegram initData HMAC-SHA256 validation (tg_auth module).
+
+These tests directly exercise the ``validate_init_data`` function with
+synthetic initData, covering happy-path and all failure modes.
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import json
+import time
+from urllib.parse import urlencode
+
+import pytest
+from fastapi import HTTPException
+
+from tg_auth import validate_init_data
+
+import os
+BOT_TOKEN = os.getenv("TG_BOT_TOKEN", "test:mock_token_for_testing_12345")
+
+
+def _build_init_data(
+    bot_token: str,
+    user: dict,
+    auth_date: int | None = None,
+    tamper_hash: bool = False,
+    omit_hash: bool = False,
+    omit_user: bool = False,
+) -> str:
+    """Helper that constructs a valid (or intentionally broken) initData string."""
+    if auth_date is None:
+        auth_date = int(time.time())
+
+    params: dict[str, str] = {
+        "auth_date": str(auth_date),
+    }
+    if not omit_user:
+        params["user"] = json.dumps(user)
+
+    # Build data-check-string (sorted, \n-separated).
+    data_check_string = "\n".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted(params.items()))
+
+    # secret_key = HMAC-SHA256("WebAppData", bot_token)
+    secret_key = hmac.new(
+        key=b"WebAppData",
+        msg=bot_token.encode(),
+        digestmod=hashlib.sha256,
+    ).digest()
+
+    computed_hash = hmac.new(
+        key=secret_key,
+        msg=data_check_string.encode(),
+        digestmod=hashlib.sha256,
+    ).hexdigest()
+
+    if tamper_hash:
+        computed_hash = "a" * 64  # obviously wrong
+
+    if not omit_hash:
+        params["hash"] = computed_hash
+
+    return urlencode(params)
+
+
+VALID_USER = {
+    "id": 123456789,
+    "first_name": "Igor",
+    "last_name": "Volochay",
+    "username": "IgorVolochay",
+    "photo_url": "https://t.me/photo.jpg",
+}
+
+
+# ── Happy path ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_valid_init_data():
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, VALID_USER)
+    result = validate_init_data(raw, BOT_TOKEN)
+    assert result["user_id"] == 123456789
+    assert result["username"] == "IgorVolochay"
+    assert result["first_name"] == "Igor"
+    assert result["last_name"] == "Volochay"
+    assert result["photo_url"] == "https://t.me/photo.jpg"
+
+
+# ── Failure modes ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+
+def test_empty_init_data():
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        validate_init_data("", BOT_TOKEN)
+    assert exc.value.status_code == 403
+
+
+def test_missing_hash():
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, VALID_USER, omit_hash=True)
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        validate_init_data(raw, BOT_TOKEN)
+    assert exc.value.status_code == 403
+    assert "hash" in str(exc.value.detail).lower()
+
+
+def test_tampered_hash():
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, VALID_USER, tamper_hash=True)
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        validate_init_data(raw, BOT_TOKEN)
+    assert exc.value.status_code == 403
+    assert "signature" in str(exc.value.detail).lower()
+
+
+def test_expired_auth_date():
+    old_date = int(time.time()) - 7200  # 2 hours ago
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, VALID_USER, auth_date=old_date)
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        validate_init_data(raw, BOT_TOKEN, max_age=3600)
+    assert exc.value.status_code == 403
+    assert "expired" in str(exc.value.detail).lower()
+
+
+def test_missing_user():
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, VALID_USER, omit_user=True)
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        validate_init_data(raw, BOT_TOKEN)
+    assert exc.value.status_code == 403
+    assert "user" in str(exc.value.detail).lower()
+
+
+def test_missing_user_id():
+    user_no_id = {"first_name": "Igor", "username": "test"}
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, user_no_id)
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        validate_init_data(raw, BOT_TOKEN)
+    assert exc.value.status_code == 403
+    assert "user.id" in str(exc.value.detail).lower()
+
+
+def test_wrong_bot_token():
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, VALID_USER)
+    with pytest.raises(HTTPException) as exc:
+        validate_init_data(raw, "wrong:token")
+    assert exc.value.status_code == 403
+
+
+def test_fresh_auth_date_passes():
+    """auth_date exactly 5 seconds ago should be fine with default max_age."""
+    recent = int(time.time()) - 5
+    raw = _build_init_data(BOT_TOKEN, VALID_USER, auth_date=recent)
+    result = validate_init_data(raw, BOT_TOKEN)
+    assert result["user_id"] == 123456789

app/tests/test_user_info.py

@@ -16,9 +16,9 @@ NON_EXIST_USER = random.randint(100000000, 1000000000)
 
 # TEST ADD USERS UTILS #
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_user_non_full_data():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/add_user"
         data = {
@@ -30,9 +30,9 @@ async def test_add_user_non_full_data():
 
         assert raw_response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_user_negative_int_id():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/add_user"
         data = {
@@ -47,9 +47,9 @@ async def test_add_user_negative_int_id():
 
         assert raw_response.status_code == 422
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_new_user():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/add_user"
         data = {
@@ -67,9 +67,9 @@ async def test_add_new_user():
         assert response.error == False
         assert User.model_validate(response.result)
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_already_exist_user():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/add_user"
         data = {
@@ -92,9 +92,9 @@ async def test_add_already_exist_user():
 
 # TEST CHECK USERS UTILS #
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_check_non_exist_user():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/check_user"
         params = {"user_id": NON_EXIST_USER}
@@ -106,9 +106,9 @@ async def test_check_non_exist_user():
         assert response.error == False
         assert response.result == False
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_check_exist_user():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/check_user"
         params = {"user_id": EXIST_USER}
@@ -125,9 +125,9 @@ async def test_check_exist_user():
 
 # TEST GET USERS UTILS #
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_non_exist_user():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/get_user"
         params = {"user_id": NON_EXIST_USER}
@@ -139,9 +139,9 @@ async def test_get_non_exist_user():
         assert response.error == True 
         assert response.result == "User doesn't exist"
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_exist_user():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/get_user"
         params = {"user_id": EXIST_USER}

app/tests/test_visited_cards.py

@@ -14,9 +14,9 @@ ACTIVE_CARDS_LESS_THAN_TEN = False
 
 # ------------- /add_user ---------------
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_add_new_user():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app),
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)),
                            base_url='http://test') as client:
         end_point = "/add_user"
         data = {
@@ -36,13 +36,13 @@ async def test_add_new_user():
 
 # ---------- /get_random_cards ----------
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_random_cards_valid():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         params = {"user_id": EXIST_USER}
         response = await client.get("/get_random_cards", params=params)
         print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_random_cards\nOUTPUT: status={response.status_code} | json={response.json()}")
-        if response.status_code == 404 and BaseResponse.model_validate(response.json()).result == "No active cards":
+        if response.status_code == 404 and "No active cards" in str(BaseResponse.model_validate(response.json()).result):
             global NO_ACTIVE_CARDS_STATUS
             NO_ACTIVE_CARDS_STATUS = True
             pytest.skip(reason="No active cards in MongoDB")
@@ -61,32 +61,46 @@ async def test_get_random_cards_valid():
                 ACTIVE_CARDS_LESS_THAN_TEN = True
                 pytest.skip(reason="The number of active cards is less than 10 in MongoDB")
 
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
 async def test_get_random_cards_randomness():
-    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
-        params = {"user_id": EXIST_USER}
-        response1 = await client.get("/get_random_cards", params=params)
-        response2 = await client.get("/get_random_cards", params=params)
-        result1 = response1.json().get("result")
-        result2 = response2.json().get("result")
-        print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_random_cards (двойной вызов)\nOUTPUT 1: {result1}\nOUTPUT 2: {result2}")
-        if len(result1) == 10 and len(result2) == 10:
-            assert result1 != result2
-
-@pytest.mark.asyncio
-async def test_get_random_cards_parallel_requests():
     if NO_ACTIVE_CARDS_STATUS:
         pytest.skip(reason="No active cards in MongoDB")
     elif ACTIVE_CARDS_LESS_THAN_TEN:
         pytest.skip(reason="The number of active cards is less than 10 in MongoDB")
-    else:
+
-        async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app), base_url="http://test") as client:
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
         params = {"user_id": EXIST_USER}
-            tasks = [client.get("/get_random_cards", params=params) for _ in range(5)]
+        response1 = await client.get("/get_random_cards", params=params)
+        response2 = await client.get("/get_random_cards", params=params)
+        print(f"\nRandomness check: r1={response1.status_code}, r2={response2.status_code}")
+        assert response1.status_code == 200, f"First request returned {response1.status_code}: {response1.text}"
+        assert response2.status_code == 200, f"Second request returned {response2.status_code}: {response2.text}"
+        result1 = response1.json().get("result")
+        result2 = response2.json().get("result")
+        print(f"\nINPUT: endpoint=/get_random_cards (double call)\nOUTPUT 1: {result1}\nOUTPUT 2: {result2}")
+        if len(result1) == 10 and len(result2) == 10:
+            assert result1 != result2
+
+@pytest.mark.asyncio(loop_scope="session")
+async def test_get_random_cards_parallel_requests():
+    """
+    Parallel requests to /get_random_cards.
+    Decorator limit: 5 requests/60s.
+    Make 3 parallel requests to stay within limit.
+    """
+    if NO_ACTIVE_CARDS_STATUS:
+        pytest.skip(reason="No active cards in MongoDB")
+    elif ACTIVE_CARDS_LESS_THAN_TEN:
+        pytest.skip(reason="The number of active cards is less than 10 in MongoDB")
+
+    async with AsyncClient(transport=ASGITransport(app=app, client=("127.0.0.1", 50000)), base_url="http://test") as client:
+        params = {"user_id": EXIST_USER}
+        tasks = [client.get("/get_random_cards", params=params) for _ in range(3)]
         responses = await asyncio.gather(*tasks)
         for resp in responses:
-                print(f"\nParallel call: status={resp.status_code} | json={resp.json()}")
+            print(f"\nParallel call: status={resp.status_code} | text={resp.text[:200]}")
-                assert resp.status_code == 200
+            assert resp.status_code == 200, (
+                f"Expected 200, got {resp.status_code}: {resp.text}"
+            )
             result = resp.json().get("result")
             assert isinstance(result, list)
-                assert len(result) == 10

app/tg_auth.py

@@ -0,0 +1,172 @@
+"""
+Telegram Mini App initData authentication module.
+
+Validates initData from the Telegram WebApp using HMAC-SHA256
+per the official specification:
+https://core.telegram.org/bots/webapps#validating-data-received-via-the-mini-app
+
+In DEV_MODE (default) authentication is skipped — user_id is taken
+from the request body / query parameters as-is.
+"""
+
+import hashlib
+import hmac
+import json
+import os
+import time
+from typing import Optional
+from urllib.parse import parse_qs
+
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from fastapi import HTTPException, Request, status
+
+from logger import logger
+
+load_dotenv()
+
+DEV_MODE: bool = os.getenv("DEV_MODE", "false").lower() == "true"
+TG_BOT_TOKEN: str = os.getenv("TG_BOT_TOKEN", "")
+
+# Maximum allowed age of initData in seconds (1 hour).
+INIT_DATA_MAX_AGE: int = int(os.getenv("INIT_DATA_MAX_AGE", "3600"))
+
+
+def validate_init_data(
+    init_data_raw: str,
+    bot_token: str,
+    max_age: int = INIT_DATA_MAX_AGE,
+) -> dict:
+    """
+    Validates Telegram Mini App initData and returns the parsed ``user`` dict.
+
+    Algorithm (per Telegram docs):
+      1. Parse the query-string into key→value pairs.
+      2. Extract the ``hash`` value; build ``data-check-string`` from the
+         remaining fields sorted by key, joined with ``\\n``.
+      3. ``secret_key = HMAC-SHA256(bot_token, "WebAppData")``
+      4. ``computed = HMAC-SHA256(data_check_string, secret_key)``
+      5. Compare ``computed`` with ``hash`` using constant-time comparison.
+      6. Optionally verify ``auth_date`` freshness.
+
+    Returns a dict with keys: user_id, username, first_name, last_name, photo_url.
+
+    Raises ``HTTPException(403)`` on any validation failure.
+    """
+    if not init_data_raw:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="Missing initData",
+        )
+
+    parsed = parse_qs(init_data_raw, keep_blank_values=True)
+
+    # parse_qs returns lists — flatten to single values.
+    flat: dict[str, str] = {k: v[0] for k, v in parsed.items()}
+
+    received_hash = flat.pop("hash", None)
+    if not received_hash:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="Missing hash in initData",
+        )
+
+    # Build data-check-string: sorted key=value pairs joined by \n.
+    data_check_string = "\n".join(
+        f"{k}={v}" for k, v in sorted(flat.items())
+    )
+
+    # secret_key = HMAC-SHA256("WebAppData", bot_token)
+    secret_key = hmac.new(
+        key=b"WebAppData",
+        msg=bot_token.encode(),
+        digestmod=hashlib.sha256,
+    ).digest()
+
+    computed_hash = hmac.new(
+        key=secret_key,
+        msg=data_check_string.encode(),
+        digestmod=hashlib.sha256,
+    ).hexdigest()
+
+    if not hmac.compare_digest(computed_hash, received_hash):
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="Invalid initData signature",
+        )
+
+    # Verify auth_date freshness.
+    auth_date_str = flat.get("auth_date")
+    if auth_date_str:
+        try:
+            auth_date = int(auth_date_str)
+            if time.time() - auth_date > max_age:
+                raise HTTPException(
+                    status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                    detail="initData expired",
+                )
+        except ValueError:
+            raise HTTPException(
+                status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+                detail="Invalid auth_date",
+            )
+
+    # Extract user data.
+    user_raw = flat.get("user")
+    if not user_raw:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="Missing user in initData",
+        )
+
+    try:
+        user = json.loads(user_raw)
+    except (json.JSONDecodeError, TypeError):
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="Invalid user JSON in initData",
+        )
+
+    user_id = user.get("id")
+    if user_id is None:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="Missing user.id in initData",
+        )
+
+    return {
+        "user_id": int(user_id),
+        "username": user.get("username", ""),
+        "first_name": user.get("first_name", ""),
+        "last_name": user.get("last_name", ""),
+        "photo_url": user.get("photo_url", ""),
+    }
+
+
+async def get_current_user_id(request: Request) -> Optional[int]:
+    """
+    FastAPI dependency that resolves the authenticated user_id.
+
+    - **DEV_MODE=true**: returns ``None`` — endpoints use user_id from
+      body/params as before (backward compatible).
+    - **DEV_MODE=false**: reads ``X-Init-Data`` header, validates it
+      via HMAC-SHA256, and returns the verified ``user_id``.
+    """
+    if DEV_MODE:
+        return None
+
+    init_data_raw = request.headers.get("X-Init-Data", "")
+    if not init_data_raw:
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_403_FORBIDDEN,
+            detail="X-Init-Data header is required",
+        )
+
+    if not TG_BOT_TOKEN:
+        logger.error("TG_BOT_TOKEN is not set but DEV_MODE is disabled")
+        raise HTTPException(
+            status_code=status.HTTP_500_INTERNAL_SERVER_ERROR,
+            detail="Server authentication misconfiguration",
+        )
+
+    user_data = validate_init_data(init_data_raw, TG_BOT_TOKEN)
+    return user_data["user_id"]

app/tg_bot.py

@@ -0,0 +1,188 @@
+"""
+Telegram card moderation bot.
+
+Listens to the RabbitMQ "moderation" queue and sends cards
+to the admin chat with inline buttons "Accept ✅" / "Reject ❌".
+
+When a button is pressed, the bot calls protected endpoints
+/card_accept or /card_reject with a secret header.
+"""
+
+import os
+import json
+import asyncio
+from datetime import datetime
+
+import aiohttp
+from dotenv import load_dotenv
+from aiogram import Bot, Dispatcher, F
+from aiogram.types import CallbackQuery, InlineKeyboardButton, InlineKeyboardMarkup, Message
+
+from schemas.base_schemas import Card
+from rabbit_worker import RabbitWorker
+from logger import logger, setup_logging
+
+
+load_dotenv()
+setup_logging()
+
+# ── Configuration ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+BOT_TOKEN = os.getenv("TG_BOT_TOKEN") or ""
+ADMIN_CHAT_ID = int(os.getenv("TG_ADMIN_CHAT_ID", "0"))
+API_BASE_URL = os.getenv("API_BASE_URL", "http://localhost:5000")
+MODERATION_SECRET = os.getenv("MODERATION_SECRET", "change-me-in-production")
+bot = Bot(token=BOT_TOKEN)
+dp = Dispatcher()
+rabbit = RabbitWorker()
+
+
+# ── Sending card to admin ──────────────────────────
+async def _get_author_username(author_id: int) -> str:
+    """Fetches the author's username via API."""
+    try:
+        async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+            async with session.get(
+                f"{API_BASE_URL}/get_user", params={"user_id": author_id}
+            ) as resp:
+                if resp.status == 200:
+                    data = await resp.json()
+                    username = data.get("result", {}).get("username", "")
+                    if username:
+                        return f"@{username}"
+    except Exception as exc:
+        logger.warning("Failed to fetch username for {}: {}", author_id, exc)
+    return str(author_id)
+
+
+def _format_date(iso_date: str) -> str:
+    """Converts ISO date to DD.MM.YYYY HH:MM:SS format."""
+    try:
+        dt = datetime.fromisoformat(iso_date)
+        return dt.strftime("%d.%m.%Y %H:%M:%S")
+    except (ValueError, TypeError):
+        return iso_date
+
+
+async def send_card_to_admin(card: Card) -> None:
+    """Formats message and inline keyboard for a card."""
+    author_display = await _get_author_username(card.author_id)
+    date_display = _format_date(card.creation_date)
+
+    text = (
+        f"🆕 <b>Новая карточка #{card.card_id}</b>\n\n"
+        f"🅰️ {card.choice_A}\n"
+        f"🅱️ {card.choice_B}\n\n"
+        f"👤 Автор: {author_display}\n"
+        f"📅 Создана: {date_display}"
+    )
+    keyboard = InlineKeyboardMarkup(
+        inline_keyboard=[
+            [
+                InlineKeyboardButton(
+                    text="Принять ✅",
+                    callback_data=f"accept:{card.card_id}",
+                ),
+                InlineKeyboardButton(
+                    text="Отклонить ❌",
+                    callback_data=f"reject:{card.card_id}",
+                ),
+            ]
+        ]
+    )
+    await bot.send_message(
+        chat_id=ADMIN_CHAT_ID,
+        text=text,
+        reply_markup=keyboard,
+        parse_mode="HTML",
+    )
+    logger.info("Sent card {} to admin chat", card.card_id)
+
+
+# ── Calling protected API endpoints ──────────────────────────
+async def call_moderation_api(action: str, card_id: int) -> dict:
+    """
+    Calls /card_accept or /card_reject with secret header.
+    action: 'accept' | 'reject'
+    """
+    endpoint = f"{API_BASE_URL}/card_{action}"
+    headers = {"X-Moderation-Secret": MODERATION_SECRET}
+    params = {"card_id": card_id}
+
+    async with aiohttp.ClientSession() as session:
+        async with session.patch(endpoint, headers=headers, params=params) as resp:
+            data = await resp.json()
+            return data
+
+
+# ── Callback button handlers ───────────────────────────────
+@dp.callback_query(F.data.startswith("accept:"))
+async def on_accept(callback: CallbackQuery) -> None:
+    """Handles the 'Accept' inline button click for a card."""
+    if not callback.data or not isinstance(callback.message, Message):
+        return
+
+    card_id = int(callback.data.split(":")[1])
+    result = await call_moderation_api("accept", card_id)
+
+    if result.get("error"):
+        await callback.answer(f"Ошибка: {result['result']}", show_alert=True)
+        return
+
+    orig_text = callback.message.text or ""
+    await callback.message.edit_text(
+        orig_text + "\n\n✅ <b>ПРИНЯТА</b>",
+        parse_mode="HTML",
+    )
+    await callback.answer("Карточка принята!")
+    logger.info("Card {} accepted by admin", card_id)
+
+
+@dp.callback_query(F.data.startswith("reject:"))
+async def on_reject(callback: CallbackQuery) -> None:
+    """Handles the 'Reject' inline button click for a card."""
+    if not callback.data or not isinstance(callback.message, Message):
+        return
+
+    card_id = int(callback.data.split(":")[1])
+    result = await call_moderation_api("reject", card_id)
+
+    if result.get("error"):
+        await callback.answer(f"Ошибка: {result['result']}", show_alert=True)
+        return
+
+    orig_text = callback.message.text or ""
+    await callback.message.edit_text(
+        orig_text + "\n\n❌ <b>ОТКЛОНЕНА</b>",
+        parse_mode="HTML",
+    )
+    await callback.answer("Карточка отклонена!")
+    logger.info("Card {} rejected by admin", card_id)
+
+# ── aiogram Lifecycle hooks ────────────────────────────────────
+_rabbit_task: asyncio.Task | None = None
+
+
+@dp.startup()
+async def on_startup() -> None:
+    """Starts the RabbitMQ consumer task when the bot starts."""
+    global _rabbit_task
+    _rabbit_task = asyncio.create_task(
+        rabbit.consume_moderation(send_card_to_admin)
+    )
+    logger.info("Moderation bot started, RabbitMQ consumer running")
+
+
+@dp.shutdown()
+async def on_shutdown() -> None:
+    """Cancels the RabbitMQ consumer task when the bot shuts down."""
+    if _rabbit_task:
+        _rabbit_task.cancel()
+        try:
+            await _rabbit_task
+        except asyncio.CancelledError:
+            pass
+    logger.info("Moderation bot stopped")
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    dp.run_polling(bot)

app/tools/_add_base_cards.py

@@ -41,10 +41,12 @@ def write_json(cards_list, json_file):
     except Exception as e:
         print(f"Error writing to JSON file: {e}")
 
-def add_cards_to_mongodb(cards_list):
+import asyncio
+
+async def add_cards_to_mongodb(cards_list):
     mongo = MongoWorker()
     for card in cards_list:
-        mongo.add_card_by_base_model(card)
+        await mongo.add_card_by_base_model(card)
     print(f"Successfully added {len(cards_list)} cards to MongoDB")
 
 
@@ -60,13 +62,13 @@ if __name__ == "__main__":
     
     if args.action == 0:
         cards = create_cards(args.num, args.user)
-        add_cards_to_mongodb(cards)
+        asyncio.run(add_cards_to_mongodb(cards))
     elif args.action == 1:
         cards = create_cards(args.num, args.user)
         write_json(cards, args.file)
     elif args.action == 2:
         cards = read_json(args.file)
         if cards:
-            add_cards_to_mongodb(cards)
+            asyncio.run(add_cards_to_mongodb(cards))
         else:
             print("No valid cards found in JSON file.")

docker-compose.yml

@@ -1,33 +1,114 @@
-version: '3.8'
-
 services:
   mongodb:
-    image: mongo:latest
+    image: mongo
     container_name: tort-mongodb
     restart: always
-    network_mode: bridge
     environment:
       MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_USERNAME: ${MONGO_USER}
       MONGO_INITDB_ROOT_PASSWORD: ${MONGO_PASS}
     ports:
       - "127.0.0.1:${MONGO_PORT}:27017"
+    networks:
+      - tort-net
+    command: mongod --quiet
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "1"
     healthcheck:
       test: [ "CMD", "mongosh", "--username", "${MONGO_USER}", "--password", "${MONGO_PASS}", "--eval", "db.runCommand({ ping: 1 })" ]
       interval: 10s
       timeout: 5s
-      retries: 2
+      retries: 3
+
+  rabbitmq:
+    image: rabbitmq:3.13-management-alpine
+    container_name: tort-rabbitmq
+    restart: always
+    environment:
+      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_USER: ${RABBIT_USER}
+      RABBITMQ_DEFAULT_PASS: ${RABBIT_PASS}
+    ports:
+      - "127.0.0.1:5672:5672"
+      - "127.0.0.1:15672:15672"
+    networks:
+      - tort-net
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "10m"
+        max-file: "1"
+    healthcheck:
+      test: [ "CMD", "rabbitmq-diagnostics", "-q", "ping" ]
+      interval: 10s
+      timeout: 5s
+      retries: 3
 
   backend:
     build:
       context: ./app
+      dockerfile: dockerfile.app
     image: tort-backend:latest
+    container_name: tort-backend
+    restart: always
     depends_on:
       mongodb:
         condition: service_healthy
-    container_name: tort-backend
+      rabbitmq:
-    network_mode: "host"
+        condition: service_healthy
     environment:
-      MONGO_HOST: ${MONGO_HOST}
+      MONGO_HOST: mongodb
-      MONGO_PORT: ${MONGO_PORT}
+      MONGO_PORT: "27017"
       MONGO_USER: ${MONGO_USER}
       MONGO_PASS: ${MONGO_PASS}
+      RABBIT_HOST: rabbitmq
+      RABBIT_PORT: "5672"
+      RABBIT_USER: ${RABBIT_USER}
+      RABBIT_PASS: ${RABBIT_PASS}
+      MODERATION_SECRET: ${MODERATION_SECRET}
+      DEV_MODE: ${DEV_MODE:-false}
+      LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-INFO}
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "50m"
+        max-file: "2"
+    ports:
+      - "127.0.0.1:5000:5000"
+    networks:
+      - tort-net
+
+  tg-bot:
+    build:
+      context: ./app
+      dockerfile: dockerfile.bot
+    image: tort-tg-bot:latest
+    container_name: tort-tg-bot
+    restart: always
+    depends_on:
+      rabbitmq:
+        condition: service_healthy
+      backend:
+        condition: service_started
+    environment:
+      TG_BOT_TOKEN: ${TG_BOT_TOKEN}
+      TG_ADMIN_CHAT_ID: ${TG_ADMIN_CHAT_ID}
+      API_BASE_URL: http://backend:5000
+      MODERATION_SECRET: ${MODERATION_SECRET}
+      RABBIT_HOST: rabbitmq
+      RABBIT_PORT: "5672"
+      RABBIT_USER: ${RABBIT_USER}
+      RABBIT_PASS: ${RABBIT_PASS}
+      LOG_LEVEL: ${LOG_LEVEL:-INFO}
+    logging:
+      driver: "json-file"
+      options:
+        max-size: "50m"
+        max-file: "1"
+    networks:
+      - tort-net
+
+networks:
+  tort-net:
+    driver: bridge